The manual, FM 31-28 FOUIO, was published by the U.S. Department of the Army on December 1, 1999. The primary focus of this manual is to provide Special Forces personnel with the knowledge and skills necessary to conduct advanced urban combat operations. The manual emphasizes the unique challenges of urban warfare, including the complexities of built-up areas, civilian populations, and the need for precise and discriminate use of force.
Why study FM 31-28 today?
: Released in 1999, this manual bridged the gap between Cold War-era "bypass" strategies and the modern necessity of fighting within cities, as seen in conflicts like Chechnya and later in Iraq. Specialized Scope : Unlike general urban manuals like FM 3-06 (Urban Operations) FM 31-28 FOUNO Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat
: Distribution is generally authorized only to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors. The manual emphasizes the unique challenges of urban