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Report: Animal Behavior and Veterinary Science

By understanding the complexities of animal behavior, veterinarians can provide optimal care, improve animal welfare, and enhance the human-animal bond. As our knowledge of animal behavior continues to evolve, we can expect to see significant advances in veterinary practice, leading to improved outcomes for animals and their human caregivers.

The Importance of Animal Behavior in Veterinary Science

Recommendations

• A cat urinating outside the litter box is not "spiteful"; it may be a sign of feline idiopathic cystitis or kidney disease.
• A dog suddenly growling at children may not be aggression; it could be a hidden tooth root abscess or hip dysplasia causing pain.
• A parrot plucking its feathers may be displaying a behavioral disorder rooted in a nutritional deficiency or viral disease.

FIC is a perfect illustration of the behavior-medicine interface. Stress is a primary trigger. A cat with FIC presents with hematuria, stranguria, and periuria (urinating outside the litter box). While the acute medical treatment is symptom management, the chronic solution is environmental modification (based on the “A-R-T” of hiding places, vertical space, and predictable routines). Veterinary behavior knowledge turns a recurring medical problem into a manageable condition. A cat urinating outside the litter box is

Veterinary Behavioral Medicine

• Prescribing psychopharmaceuticals (fluoxetine, clomipramine, selegiline) for severe anxiety and compulsive disorders.
• Designing behavior modification plans that work in concert with medical treatment (e.g., desensitization for a diabetic cat who fears insulin injections).
• Advising on shelter medicine to reduce euthanasia of adoptable but fearful animals.

• Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) in dogs/cats: Disorientation, changes in social interactions, house-soiling, and altered sleep cycles often mistaken for “normal aging” but treatable.
• Endocrine disorders: Hyperthyroid cats often show increased restlessness, nighttime yowling, and irritability. Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s) in dogs may present with increased appetite and lethargy.