The bridge between these two schools of thought is . Modern science has proven that many animals—not just mammals, but birds, cephalopods (like octopuses), and even some insects—possess the capacity to feel pain, joy, and boredom.
argues that animals are not property to be used by humans at all. It asserts that sentient animals (those capable of feeling pain, pleasure, and fear) have a right to live free from human exploitation—regardless of how "humanely" they are treated. Beyond the Cage: Untangling the Complex Threads of